String Functions
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| ASCII | Returns the corresponding ASCII value for the specified character |
| CHAR | Returns a character based on the ASCII code |
| CHARINDEX | Returns the position of a substring in a string |
| CONCAT / CONCAT with + | Adds two or more strings together |
| CONCAT_WS | Adds two or more strings together using a separator |
| DATALENGTH | Returns the number of bytes used to represent a specified expression |
| DIFFERENCE | Compares two SOUNDEX values and returns an integer value |
| FORMAT | Formats a value with the indicated format |
| LEFT | Returns a specified number of characters from a string (starting from left) |
| LEN | Returns the length of a string |
| LOWER | Converts letters in a string to lowercase |
| LTRIM | Deletes all leading spaces from a string |
| NCHAR | Returns the Unicode character based on the number code |
| PATINDEX | Returns the position of a pattern in a string |
| QUOTENAME | Adds delimiters to a Unicode string and returns it as a valid delimited identifier |
| REPLACE | Searches for a specified substring in a string and replaces it with another substring |
| REPLICATE | Repeats a string an indicated number of times |
| REVERSE | Returns a reversed string |
| RIGHT | Returns a specified number of characters from a string (starting from right) |
| RTRIM | Deletes all trailing spaces from a string |
| SOUNDEX | Returns a four-character code to assess the similarity of two specified strings |
| SPACE | Returns a string with the specified number of spaces |
| STR | Converts a value into a string |
| STUFF | Deletes a specified number of characters from a specified position in a string and then inserts another string, starting at the said position |
| SUBSTRING | Returns characters from a specified position in a string |
| TRANSLATE | Returns the string from the first argument after the characters indicated in the second argument are translated into the characters indicated in the third argument |
| TRIM | Deletes all leading and trailing spaces—or other characters—from a string |
| UNICODE | Returns the Unicode value for the first character of a specified expression |
| UPPER | Converts letters in a string to uppercase |
Mathematical Functions
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| ABS | Returns the absolute value of a number |
| ACOS | Returns the arc cosine of a number |
| ASIN | Returns the arc sine of a number |
| ATAN | Returns the arc tangent of a number |
| ATN2 | Returns the arc tangent of two numbers |
| AVG | Returns the average value of a specified expression |
| CEILING | Returns the smallest integer value that is larger than or equal to a number |
| COUNT | Returns the number of records returned by a SELECT query |
| COS | Returns the cosine of a number |
| COT | Returns the cotangent of a number |
| DEGREES | Converts a value in radians to degrees |
| EXP | Returns the e constant raised to the power of a specified number |
| FLOOR | Returns the largest integer value that is smaller than or equal to a number |
| LOG | Returns the natural logarithm of a number—or the logarithm of a number to a specified base |
| LOG10 | Returns the natural logarithm of a number to base 10 |
| MAX | Returns the maximum value in a specified set of values |
| MIN | Returns the minimum value in a specified set of values |
| PI | Returns the value of the pi constant |
| POWER | Returns the value of a number raised to the power of another number |
| RADIANS | Converts a value in degrees to radians |
| RAND | Returns a random number |
| ROUND | Rounds a number to a specified number of decimal places |
| SIGN | Returns the sign of a number |
| SIN | Returns the sine of a number |
| SQRT | Returns the square root of a number |
| SQUARE | Returns the square of a number |
| SUM | Calculates the sum of a specified set of values |
| TAN | Returns the tangent of a number |
Date Functions
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | Returns the current date and time |
| DATEADD | Adds a time/date interval to a date and then returns the date |
| DATEDIFF | Returns the difference between two dates |
| DATEFROMPARTS | Compiles a date from the specified year, month, and day values |
| DATENAME | Returns a specified part of a date as a string |
| DATEPART | Returns a specified part of a date as an integer value |
| DAY | Returns the day of the month from a specified date |
| GETDATE | Returns the current database systemdate and time |
| GETUTCDATE | Returns the current database system UTC date and time |
| ISDATE | Checks an expression that contains a date; returns 1 if the date is valid, otherwise returns 0 |
| MONTH | Returns the month from a specified date as a number from 1 to 12 |
| SYSDATETIME | Returns the date and time of the machine that SQL Server is running on |
| YEAR | Returns the year from a specified date |
Advanced Functions
| Function | Description |
|---|---|
| CAST | Converts a value into a specified datatype |
| COALESCE | Returns the first non-null value from a list |
| CONVERT | Converts a value into a specified datatype |
| CURRENT_USER | Returns the name of the current user in a SQL Server database |
| IIF | Returns a value if a condition is TRUE or another value if a condition is FALSE |
| ISNULL | Returns a specified value if the expression is NULL, otherwise returns the expression |
| ISNUMERIC | Checks whether an expression is numeric |
| NULLIF | Returns NULL if two specified expressions are equal |
| SESSION_USER | Returns the name of the current user in a SQL Server database |
| SESSIONPROPERTY | Returns the session settings for a specified option |
| SYSTEM_USER | Returns the login name for the current user |
| USER_NAME | Returns the database user name based on the specified ID |
